Rotary motor



Feb. 27, 19511 R. F. SMITH ET AL ROTARY MOTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 22, 1946 FIG.3.

ATTO R N EY Feb. 27, 11951 R. F. SMITH ET AL ROTARY MOTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 22, 1946 FIG.6.

FIG-.5.

FIG.7.

ATTO R N EY 'atented Fella 27 ROTARY MOTOR Russell F. Smith, St. Louis, and James T. W. Moseley, Clayton, Mo., assignors oi one-half to Carter Carburetor Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., a'corporation of Delaware Application July 22, 1946, Serial No. 685,529

Claims.

This invention relates to fluid pressure motors particularly of the type conveniently utilized for operating small tools such as drills.

The motor utilized is of the type comprising an angular casing having angularly disposed cylinders rotatable therein with working chambers arranged around the axes of the cylinders and angularly connected pistons working in the chambers. Fluid under pressure is admitted to and exhausted from the opposite ends of the working chambers so as to consecutively repel the pistons and cause rotation of the cylinders and the drive shaft and/or tool connected to one of them. Since these motors must operate at high speeds and may be subjected to considerable loads, they must be durably and strongly con-' structed. At the same time, they should be relatively simple to assemble and disassemble to facilitate manufacture and servicing thereof.

Consequently, it is an object of the present invention to provide a motor of the above type having adequate supports and bearing elements for carrying the various loads and vibrations applied thereto.

Another object is to provide such a motor which may be easily assembled and disassembled.

Another object is to provide novel means for lubricating the motor.

Another object is to provide means for utilizing the exhaust of the motor for cleaning away cuttings and the like resulting from a machining operation for which the motor is used.

Still another object is to provide porting means for the motor so arranged that fluid pressure is applied to the piston during the full working stroke or, in other words, during a half revolution of the cylinder, while preventing any possibility of leakage back through the inlet port during exhausting.

These objects and other more detailed objects hereafter appearing are attained by the device illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which I Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of the motor with a drill chuck applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section through the structure of Fig. 1, the left half being taken on line 22 thereof and the right half being on line 22a--2 thereof.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section taken on line 55 of Fig. i.

Fig. 6 is a partial bottom view of the device. Fig. 7 is a detail horizontal section on line 'l-l of Fig. l.

The motor is assembled within an angular casing, generally indicated at It, including arms H- ceiving attaching screws [9 and 20.

Rotatably mounted within the arms of the easing are a pair of cylinders 2i and 22 having roller bearings 23 and 24. The cylinders have working chambers 25 and 26 arranged around the axis thereof and extending entirely therethrough in an axialdirection. Working within these chambers are pistons 27 and 28 having angular rod connections 29. The pistons have oil seals or oil sealing rooves 30.

A curved center connecting rod 3i has end bearings 32 journaled in closely fitting recesses at the centers of the cylinders. These bearings abut shoulders 33 within the cylinders and serve for stabilizing the cylinders and receiving and counterbalancing the opposing end thrusts therei on. Received between the opposite ends of the cylinders and the adjacent ends of the casing are ported end bearing disks 34 and 35 which are I urged against the cylinders by leaf springs 36 and 31 of substantial strength so as to prevent leakage between the same and the cylinders. These disks are identical and, as shown in Fig. 3, each 1 comprises a curved inlet slot or port 38 and an exhaust slot or port 39. The inlet port extends and is exposed to each working chamber 25 during the half 01- its revolution when its piston 28 is being forced outwardly by the fluid pressure. Exhaust port 39 is separated from the ends of the inlet port by slightly more than the diameter on one working chamber so as to provide for full cut oil" between the inlet and exhaust strokes. This necessitates the first portion of the exhausting stroke of the piston occurring against the fluid pressure, but we have found that this is no serious disadvantage.

Fluid under pressure is supplied to the motor through an inlet connection 40 thence through passage 4| (Fig. 2) to valve chamber 42 in the upper part of the casing. Within this chamber there is a valve seat 43 controlled by a valve l4 having an actuating stem 45 extending through the rear of the casing and arranged for actuatlon by a lever 46 pivoted at 41 and extending along the curved rear edge of the handle forming arm ll so as to be easily depressed by the operator to open the valve. Valve 44 is normally urged toward closed position by a coil spring 48 within the valve chamber. After passing the inlet port, the fluid under pressure moves through branched passages 49 and 50 toward the opposite ends of the cylinders. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, passage 49 enters inlet port 38 in disk 34 through a ported boss which closely fits within a recess in the disk. Exhaust from port 39 is discharged through a ported boss 52 and a passage 53 which opens through the bottom end of the casing. A needle valve screw 53a serves to variably restrict exhaust passage 53 for controlling the speed of the motor.

Inlet branch 50 extends forwardly in the upper arm of the casing and opens into the inlet port in disk 35 through an apertured boss 54 closely fitting within a recess in the disk. The exhaust from this cylinder is discharged through a ported boss 55 from the exhaust port in the disk and passages 56 and 51 to a vent 58 which emits a stream of fluid forwardly of the motor.

Ported bosses 5| and 52 received in bearing plate 34 and similar bosses 54 and 55 received in plate 35 serve the additional functions of preventing rotation of these plates. Journaled in a bearing 60 in end plate I4 is a shaft 61 carrying a pinion 62. The opposite end of the shaft is journaled in a bearing 63 within forward housing IS. The rearward end 54 of shaft 6! is of non-circular contour and is splined within a similarly shaped axial recess in cylinder 22 for driving the pinion. A gear 65 meshing with pinion 62 is keyed to a shaft 66 journaled in a ball bearing 61 in end plate I4 and another ball bearing 68 in housing I6. Shaft 66 carries a drill chuck 59 at its outer extremity.

A web 12 separates the motor casing into a lower angular space for the cylinders and an upper oil chamber 13. A small port 14 connects this oil chamber with valve chamber 42 and is controlled by a needle valve screw 15. Access to this screw may be had through an adjacent opening in the casing which is normally closed by a removable plug 16. A wick ll of suitable fibrous material extends from oil port or duct 14 for conducting lubricant thereto. When the motor is in operation, the fluid flowing past duct 14 draws oil from the supply in chamber I3 into the inlet passages and to the motor for lubricating the various moving parts.

During a drilling or rinding operation, exhaust air from vent 58 blows over the tool to keep it clean. The rotating cylinders are stably supported within ample roller bearings 23 and 24 and by means of end disks 34 and 35 and angular end thrust member 3|. To gain access to the motor for cleaning or repair, it is merely necessary to remove screws l5 and end plate structure l4. Access may be had to the gears by removal of housing l6 from the end plate. The oil feed may be adjusted by means of screw 15. The motor is powerful, yet operates with a minimum of vibration and wear because of the mutually counterbalancing effect of the various forces. Mounting of one of the operating cylinders within 'the handle itself greatly simplifies the structure.

The invention may be modified in various respects as will occur to those skilled in the art and the exclusive use of all modifications as come 4 within the scope of the appended claims is contemplated.

We claim:

1. In a rotary fiuid motor, a casing assembly providing two arms arranged at a right angle to each other, one of the arms being reduced in transverse section relative to the other arm and providing finger grip portions on its external surface, to constitute the arm as a handle grip, said arms having cylindrical chambers therein, cylinders each having working chambers about its axis, roller bearings rotatably supporting the cylinders in the cylindrical chambers of the arms, a rigid end thrust member having bearings abutting adjacent portions of the cylinders, angularly connected pistons operable in the working chambers of the cylinders, fluid pressure supply passage means leading to the cylinders, said passage means including a valve chamber, a valve therein, a valve actuator extending along the handle grip arm, and exhaust passages individual to said cylinders.

2. A rotary fiuid motor according to claim 1 further including means providing an adjustable restriction in one of said exhaust passages for controlling the speed of the motor.

3. In a rotary fiuid motor, a casing assembly providing two arms arranged at an angle to each other, said arms having cylindrical chambers formed therein and one of said chambers being formed with an open end, cylinders arranged in said chambers each having working chambers extending therethrough and arranged about its axis, axially arranged bores extending through said cylinders, a rigid thrust member projecting into said bores to prevent longitudinal displacement of each of said cylinders in one direction, angularly connected pistons operable in the working chambers of the cylinders, removable discs for each of said cylinders for closing the working chambers, said discs being urged against the ends of said cylindrical chambers by spring pressure and each being formed with intake and exhaust ports, recesses formed axially of each of the discs, a driven shaft extending through the recess in one of the discs and into the axial bore of one of the cylinders and engaging in said bore for rotation with said cylinder, a valve chamber, a valve in said valve chamber for controlling the passage of fiuid from said valve chamber to the inlet and exhaust ports in said discs, and a removable plate for closing the open end of one of the cylinders, said removable plate including a bearing for supporting said driven shaft.

4. The substance of claim 3 characterized in. that an oil lubricating reservoir is provided in the casing and is closed by said removable plate.

5. In combination, a casing assembly providing two arms arranged at an angle to each other, said arms having cylindrical chambers formed therein, cylinders each having working chambers about its axis, and a central bore formed with an enlarged portion at its inner end portion, bearings rotatably supporting the cylinders in the cylindrical chambers of the arms, angularly connected pistons operable in the working chambers of the cylinders, an angular member having end bearing portions fitting within the enlarged inner end portions of the central bores, a valve chamber and an oil chamber formed in the casing of one arm, said valve chamber including a valve seat and a spring seated valve for distributing actuating fluid to said Workingchambers, means within said oil chamber for regulating the valve spring tension, a port between the oil chamber and the valve chamber, means for regulating the discharge of oil from the oil chamber to the valve chamber, a shaft fixed in the central bore of one of said cylinders and in axial alignment with the axis thereof, a detachable plate for one end of said casing, and a hearing carried by the detachable plate for supporting said shaft, said oil chamber being provided with an open end which is closed by said detachable plate.

RUSSELL F. SMITH.

JAMES T. W. MOSELEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Number 6 UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Johnson Nov. 5, 1907 Norcross Apr. 30, 1918 Van Hammersveld Dec. 27, 1927 Smith et a1. Oct. 28, 1930 Renfer Dec. 2, 1930 Erickson Feb. 28, 1933 Norling Oct'. 23, 1934 Stevens May 17, 1938 Van Sittert May 17, 1938 Moseley Oct. 10, 1939 Stevens Sept. 17, 1940 Grosser Mar. 26, 1946 Beckwith Apr. 27, 1948 

